In 2000, in anticipation of the future Euro 5 regulations PSA Peugeot Citroën became the first company to make filters standard on passenger cars. In the European Union, filters are expected to be necessary to meet the Euro.VI heavy truck engine emissions regulations currently under discussion and planned for the 2012-2013 time frame. While no jurisdiction has explicitly made filters mandatory, the increasingly stringent emissions regulations that engine manufactures must meet mean that eventually all on-road diesel engines will be fitted with them.
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Similar regulations have also been adopted by the European Union and some individual European countries, most Asian countries, and the rest of North and South America. Since then, progressively tighter standards have been introduced for light- and heavy-duty roadgoing diesel-powered vehicles and for off-road diesel engines. Historically medium and heavy duty diesel engine emissions were not regulated until 1987 when the first California Heavy Truck rule was introduced capping particulate emissions at 0.60 g/BHP Hour. Particulate filters have been in use on non-road machines since 1980, and in automobiles since 1985. The injection pressure of diesel also influences the formation of fine particles.ĭiesel particulate filtering was first considered in the 1970s due to concerns regarding the impacts of inhaled particulates. Lower sulphur fuel produces fewer particles, and allows use of particulate filters. For example, a high sulphur content diesel produces more particles. The quality of the fuel also influences the formation of these particles. With an optimal diesel particulate filter (DPF), soot emissions may be decreased to 0.001 g/km or less. New particulate filters can capture from 30% to greater than 95% of the harmful soot.
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Soot and other particles from diesel engines worsen the particulate matter pollution in the air and are harmful to health. These particles include tiny nanoparticles-smaller than one micrometre (one micron). ĭiesel particulate matter resulting from the incomplete combustion of diesel fuel produces soot ( black carbon) particles. Two-stroke diesel engines produce more particulate per unit of power than do four-stroke diesel engines, as they burn the fuel-air mix less completely. The composition of the particles varies widely dependent upon engine type, age, and the emissions specification that the engine was designed to meet. Some newer diesel engines, namely those installed in combination vehicles, can also perform what is called a Parked Regeneration, where the engine increases RPM to around 1400 while parked, to increase the temperature of the exhaust.ĭiesel engines produce a variety of particles during combustion of the fuel/air mix due to incomplete combustion.
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DPF EGR REMOVER DRIVER
If the driver ignores the warning light and waits too long to operate the vehicle above 60 km/h (40 mph), the DPF may not regenerate properly, and continued operation past that point may spoil the DPF completely so it must be replaced. The regeneration process occurs at road speeds higher than can generally be attained on city streets vehicles driven exclusively at low speeds in urban traffic can require periodic trips at higher speeds to clean out the DPF. Failure of fuel injectors or turbochargers resulting in contamination of the filter with raw diesel or engine oil can also necessitate cleaning. Cleaning is also required as part of periodic maintenance, and it must be done carefully to avoid damaging the filter. This is accomplished by engine programming to run (when the filter is full) in a manner that elevates exhaust temperature, in conjunction with an extra fuel injector in the exhaust stream that injects fuel to react with a catalyst element to burn off accumulated soot in the DPF filter, or through other methods. Others are designed to burn off the accumulated particulate either passively through the use of a catalyst or by active means such as a fuel burner which heats the filter to soot combustion temperatures.
DPF EGR REMOVER FULL
Some filters are single-use, intended for disposal and replacement once full of accumulated ash.
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Wall-flow diesel particulate filters usually remove 85% or more of the soot, and under certain conditions can attain soot removal efficiencies approaching 100%.